Automobile exposure is generally limited to transporting workers, equipment and electrical cables and supplies to and from job sites. All drivers must have valid licenses for the vehicles being driven. MVRs must be run on a regular basis. Random drug and alcohol testing should be conducted. Vehicles must be well maintained with records kept in a central location. Vehicles may have special modifications or built-in equipment such as lifts and hoists. Large cables may be awkward and require special handling and tie-down procedures.

Completed operations liability exposures can be severe due to improper wiring or grounding. Both power failures and power surges resulting from the contractor’s negligence may result in significant bodily injury or property damage. Work for medical facilities, prisons, large manufacturers, and alarm system installation can present the potential for catastrophic loss. Quality control, including work order documentation, and employee training, background, and experience is important. Warranties, guarantees, and maintenance agreements, in which the contractor promises to keep a system in operation, should be reviewed.

Crime exposure is primarily from employee dishonesty, including theft of customers’ goods by the contractor’s employee. Background checks, including criminal history, should be performed on all employees providing services to customers or handling money. There must be a separation of duties between persons handling deposits and disbursements and reconciling bank statements.

Inland marine exposures include accounts receivable if the contractor offers credit to customers, contractors’ equipment and tools, goods in transit, installation floater, and valuable papers and records for customers’ and suppliers’ information. There may be computers for tracking inventory, goods in transit, or installation exposures. Backup copies of all data should be stored off premises. Equipment consists mainly of hand tools and ladders unless there is line construction or machinery installation. Line construction may involve the use of cherry pickers and similar equipment for overhead lines, or trenchers and other digging equipment for laying underground cable. Contractors may lease, rent or borrow equipment, or may lease out, rent or loan their owned equipment to others, which poses additional risk as the operator may be unfamiliar with operation of the borrowed item. Tools and materials awaiting installation that are left at job sites are exposed to loss by theft, vandalism, damage from wind and weather, and damage by employees of other contractors. Goods in transit can be damaged by collision or overturn. Copper cable and wiring have high resale value and can be target theft items during transit or while located at job sites.

Personal injury exposures include assault and battery and invasion of privacy. Background checks should be conducted for any employee who will have regular contact with customers.

Premises liability exposures at the contractor’s office are generally limited due to lack of public access. Outdoor storage of materials may create vandalism and attractive nuisance hazards.

Off-site exposures are extensive. The area of operation should be restricted by barriers and proper signage to protect the public from slips and falls over tools, power cords, air conditioning systems, and scrap. During installation, electrical voltage must be turned off at the job site to reduce the risk of electrical burns or electrocution to others entering the area and turned back on after work stops. Disruption of electrical service to other homes or businesses in the vicinity should be minimalized. Electrical work can be invasive and require work throughout a home or business, resulting in a high potential for property damage. If there is work at heights, falling tools or supplies may cause bodily injury or property damage if dropped from ladders and scaffolding. During construction, other contractors typically depend on electricity for lighting and power to perform their work. In existing structures, the contractor must take care to control the electrical flow as new lines are installed alongside existing ones. Power fluctuations may damage sensitive equipment. Exterior electrical contractors must notify other utilities to prevent down time to their customers and must prevent surges to their own customers. Contractors laying underground cables should verify the absence of other utility lines prior to digging to avoid cutting into gas, water or communications cables. Underground laying of cables involves trenching which requires physical barriers to prevent others from falling into open areas. The use of subcontractors as well as any contractual liability exposures should be examined.

Property exposures at the contractor’s premises are generally limited to an office and storage for supplies, tools and vehicles. Electrical wiring is not combustible, but the insulating sheathing produces a black oily smoke when burnt and can be difficult to extinguish once started. Proper storage with good aisle space is important for preventing fires. Copper cable and wiring can be targeted by thieves. Appropriate security controls should be taken including alarms, lighting, and physical barriers prohibiting access after-hours.

Workers compensation exposures vary based on the size and nature of the job. Electrical burns are common; electrocution can occur from the use of high-voltage lines. Injuries can occur from working with hand tools, slipping or falling, back injuries such as hernias, strains and sprains from lifting, pulling cable, or working from awkward positions, foreign objects in the eye, hearing impairment from noise, temperature extremes, auto accidents during transportation to and from job sites, and the carelessness of employees of other contractors. Minor injuries may be frequent even when the severity exposure is controlled. Failure to enforce basic safety procedures, such as power shutoff prior to commencing certain operations, may indicate a morale hazard. When work is done on ladders and scaffolds, employees can be injured from falling, being struck by falling objects, or adverse weather conditions. Laying underground cable may be near power and gas lines. Trench collapse can result in workers being suffocated or buried underground.